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SAP Value
- Saponification value. The amount of potassium hydroxide in milligrams required to saponify 1 gram of oil.
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Saponaceous
- Exhibits the characteristics of, or having the qualities of soap.
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Saponification
- The process or reaction of combining a base (fat) with an alkali (sodium hydroxide) to produce a salt (soap) and a free alcohol (glycerin).
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Sea Salt
- Salt produced by evaporation of sea water either by solar or kiln drying.
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Seize
- The unexpected thickening and uneven hardening of the soap mixture during processing. Usually caused when adding synthetic fragrance oils to the mixture.
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Shea Butter
- Used as a base ingredient or as an emollient in handmade soaps and skin preparations. Has a high content of unsaponifiables which contribute to its moisturizing properties.
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Soap
- A simple cleansing agent, the sodium salt resulting from the combination of oils and fats with an alkali.
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Soap Casting
- The art of creating handcrafted soaps using melt and pour soap base.
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Sodium Bicarbonate
- Baking soda. White crystalline powder, used in bath preparations as a water softener.
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Sodium Cocoate
- Saponified coconut oil, the sodium salt of coconut oil.
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Sodium Hydroxide
- A strong alkaline compound, NaOH, used to produce hard or bar soaps.
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Sodium Palmate
- Saponified palm oil, the sodium salt of palm oil.
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Sodium Stearate
- Saponified stearic acid, the sodium salt of stearic acid.
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Sodium Tallowate
- Saponified tallow, the sodium salt of tallow.
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Solar Sea Salts
- Sun evaporated sea salts from sea water, not mined or mechanically processed. This method preserves the natural mineral content.
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Soluble
- Dissolvable in a liquid, as in alcohol or water soluble.
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Solvent Extraction
- A method of separating oils from their base using a liquid in which the oil is soluble. The oil is then distilled and the solvent is evaporated leaving the oil.
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Soybean Oil
- Obtained from soybeans, this is the primary ingredient in vegetable shortening.
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Specific Gravity
- The ratio of weight of a given volume of a substance relative to the weight of the identical volume of water.
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Steam Distillation
- A process in which essential oils are extracted from plant materials using steam and pressure. The volatile oils are separated from the hydrosol after condensation.
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Stearic Acid
- Obtained from animal and vegetable fats. Used in soaps, candles and other products.
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Sunflower Seed Oil
- Obtained from the seeds, sunflower oil contains vitamin E and is used as an emollient.
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Superfatted
- The addition of extra oils or butters that remain unsaponified within the finished soap. These excess oils and butters contribute to the moisturizing properties of the soap.
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Surfactant
- Surface-active agent. A substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved, such as a detergent.
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Synthetic
- Artificially produced, not of natural origin.
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